The Second Victim Phenomenon: How Are Midwives Affected?

Perinatal care providers are likely to encounter adverse events such as intrapartum emergencies, traumatic births, or maternal or fetal deaths. As a result of being directly or indirectly involved in an adverse event, health care providers can be considered second victims. The experience of the second victim phenomenon can lead to significant physical, psychological, and psychosocial sequelae that can negatively impact the provider's personal and professional life for either a short or long duration of time. When health care providers experience an adverse event, they may manifest symptoms of guilt, shame, blame, flashbacks, nightmares, insomnia, isolation, helplessness, and hopelessness, thereby becoming the second victim. Following an adverse event, health care providers who experience second victim phenomenon experience stages of recovery that influence subsequent professional and personal well‐being. Persons who experience the second victim phenomenon can incorporate self‐care behaviors to assist with recovery. Health care organizations have a responsibility to implement efficacious support programs that promote the provider's recovery and a return to safe and full function in the workplace.     

南宁市高校教师职业倦怠现况及其影响因素分析

目的了解南宁市高校教师职业倦怠状况及其影响因素,探讨高校教师职业倦怠与领悟社会支持、应对方式和生活事件的相关性,为缓解和克服教师职业倦怠、有针对性地制定提高教师生存质量的干预措施提供科学依据。方法2019年3~6月通过便利抽样方法,采用一般情况调查问卷、职业倦怠量表(Maslach Burnout inventoryeducators survey,MBI-ES)、领悟社会支持量表(perceived social support scale,PSSS)、特质应对方式量表(trait coping style questionnaire,TCSQ)及生活事件量表(life event scale,LES),对南宁市214名高校教师进行职业倦怠调查。结果不同教龄(F=3.556,P<0.05)、学历(F=4.888,P<0.01)、体育锻炼(F=3.853,P<0.05)、婚姻状况(t=-2.379,P<0.05)的高校教师职业倦怠水平不同,差异均有统计学意义。高校教师领悟社会支持、特质应对方式、生活事件与职业倦怠各维度大部分相关显著(P<0.05)。其他支持、积极应对、体育锻炼程度为职业倦怠的保护因素,消极应对为危险因素。结论其他支持、积极应对、体育锻炼可以有效防控职业倦怠。     

河北省三种脊髓灰质炎疫苗安全性监测分析

目的 比较河北省二价脊髓灰质炎(脊灰)减毒活疫苗(bivalent oral polio attenuated live vaccine, bOPV)、脊灰灭活疫苗(Salk株)(inactivvated poliomyelitis vaccine made from Salk strains, IPV-Salk)和脊灰灭活疫苗(Sabin株)(inactivated poliomyelitis vaccine made from Sabin strains , IPV-Sabin )接种后疑似预防接种异常反应(adverse events following immunization,AEFI)的发生特征,评价脊灰疫苗的安全性。 方法 通过疑似AEFI信息管理系统收集河北省2016年5月1日—2018年4月30日脊灰疫苗接种后AEFI个案,比较分析三种脊灰疫苗接种后AEFI的报告发生情况。 结果 bOPV、IPV-Salk和IPV-Sabin的AEFI报告发生率分别为13.53 / 10万剂、40.50/10万剂和63.70 / 10万剂。bOPV与IPV-Salk、bOPV与IPV-Sabin、IPV-Salk与IPV-Sabin的AEFI报告发生率(χ²= 360.355, P＜0.001,χ²= 360.247, P＜0.001, χ²= 34.895, P＜0.001)和一般反应报告发生率(χ²= 373.009, P＜0.001, χ²= 564.795, P＜0.001, χ²= 35.382,P＜0.001)差异均有统计学意义,由高到低依次为:IPV-Sabin、IPV-Salk和bOPV;异常反应报告发生率(χ²= 3.077,P=0.079, χ²_C= 1.165,P=0.281, χ²_C= 0,P=1)差异均无统计学意义。三种脊灰疫苗的AEFI中均以一般反应为主,年龄主要集中在≤1岁组,主要发生在接种后1 d内。 结论 河北省三种脊灰疫苗总体安全性良好,但仍需加强脊灰疫苗安全性监测。     

Spontaneous reports of hypersensitivity adverse drug reactions in Portugal: a retrospective analysis

ABSTRACT

Background

Hypersensitivity adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are usually serious, unpredictable, and associated with high morbidity and mortality. This study describes cases of hypersensitivity ADRs spontaneously reported in Central Portugal.     

孟鲁司特致神经精神不良反应文献分析

目的了解孟鲁司特致神经精神不良反应发生的相关规律、特点,寻找风险因素,为临床安全用药提供参考。方法在新乡医学院第一附属医院中国医院药物警戒系统(CHPS v2.0)的药品评价系统中,通过医嘱检索、病历检索这两个检索维度,检索2019年1月—2020年2月使用孟鲁司特过程中发生"兴奋""焦虑""抑郁""迷失方向或混乱""注意力不集中""噩梦""幻觉""失眠""震颤""烦躁""易怒""梦游""自杀""强迫症""不安""口吃""肌肉不自主运动"等神经精神症状的病例;同时检索万方数字化期刊全文库、中国学术期刊(网络版)、中文科技期刊全文数据库(维普)中孟鲁司特相关神经精神不良反应报道,合并文献病例与院内病例,回顾性统计分析患者性别、年龄、原患疾病、用药剂量、合用用药、不良反应表现、发生时间、严重程度、治疗和转归等项目。结果收集院内病例15例,文献检索获得病例12例,合计入选病例27例。关联性评价结果显示,"可能有关"4例(14.8%),"很可能"有23例(85.2%);院内病例统计神经精神不良反应发生率0.33%;40～65岁年龄段不良事件发生率最高;13例不良反应无使用孟鲁司特的用药指征;未发现给药剂量与不良反应发生的相关性;不良反应表现为焦虑、噩梦、烦躁/激动/言语多、攻击性强较多,也可见遗尿、头痛头胀、肢体麻木等;发生时间多在用药后7 d以内,最快的0.5 h,也有延至数周后的可能;停药后绝大多数可以恢复正常且恢复较快。结论孟鲁司特可能导致神经精神不良反应,临床应用时需严格把握用药指征,加强用药监护,在儿童患者的临床应用中应更加引起关注,一旦发生不良反应要立即停止使用,特别是在服药开始后一周内要加强临床观察。相关神经精神不良反应停药后多数可以恢复。     

IL-1β基因多态性与汉族人群抑郁障碍相关性研究

目的:探讨白细胞介素（IL）-1β基因多态性与汉族人群生活事件及抑郁障碍的关系。方法:共纳入重性抑郁障碍患者433例作为病例组，并纳入基本情况相匹配的正常对照者421名作为对照组 。以HAMD-17方法分别评定两组受试者抑郁障碍的严重程度，同时以生活事件量表（LES）对病例组近1年的生活事件进行评定。从被试者静脉血中提取基因组DNA，选取IL-1β基因上3个位点:rs13032029 、rs1143623和rs3917368。采用以基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱（MALDI-TOF-MS）进行候选基因多态性位点基因分型。运用SPSS22.0统计软件包进行数据分析。结果:在病例组和对照组中，IL-1 β基因rs13032029位点的基因型频率分别为:CC型28.6%和28.5%，CT型47.3%和52.7%，TT型23.8%和18.5%，差异无统计学意义（?字2=4.028，P=0.258）。在病例组和对照组中，rs1143623位点基因型频 率分别为:CC型36.5%和31.1%，GC型45.3%和51.8%，GG型18.0%和16.6%，差异无统计学意义（?字2=4.29，P=0.232）。在病例组和对照组中，rs3917368位点基因型频率分别为:CC型24.5%和25.4%，CT型 47.6%和46.6%，TT型27.3%和27.6%，差异无统计学意义（?字2=0.302，P=0.960）。3个位点不同基因型患者的HAMD总分、各条目之间的差异没有统计学意义。LES总分及生活事件的多元回归分析差异无统 计学意义。结论:未发现IL-1β基因rs13032029、rs1143623和rs3917368基因多态性与汉族人群生活事件和抑郁障碍的发病存在相关性。     

Safety and Efficacy of Paclitaxel-Eluting Balloon Angioplasty for Dysfunctional Hemodialysis Access: A randomized trial Comparing with Angioplasty Alone

PurposeTo assess whether angioplasty of hemodialysis access (HA) stenosis with a drug-coated balloon (DCB) would prevent restenosis in comparison with plain-balloon percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA).Materials and MethodsThis prospective randomized clinical trial enrolled 120 patients with dysfunctional arteriovenous fistulae (n = 109) and grafts (n = 11), due to a ≥50% stenosis between March 2014 and April 2018. All patients underwent high-pressure balloon angioplasty and were then randomized to either DCB (n = 60) or PTA (n = 60). Patients were followed-up for 1 year, and angiography was performed 6 months after angioplasty. The primary endpoint was the late lumen loss (LLL) at 6 months. Secondary endpoints included other angiographic parameters at 6 months and HA failures, adverse event, and mortality at 12 months. Continuous variables were compared with a Student t-test, and Kaplan-Meier curves were used for freedom from HA failure and for mortality.ResultsLLL in the DCB and in the PTA group were 0.64 mm ± 1.20 and 1.13 mm ± 1.51, respectively (P = .082, adjusted P = .0498). DCB was associated with lower percentage stenosis (54.2% ± 19.3 vs 61.7% ± 18.2; P = .047) and binary restenosis ≥50% (56.5% vs 81.1%; P = .009) than PTA. The number of HA failures after 12 months was lower for DCB than for PTA (45% vs 66.7%; P = .017). Mortality at 12 months was 10% and 8.3% in the DCB and PTA groups, respectively (P = .75).ConclusionsDespite LLL improvement that failed to reach statistical significance, this study demonstrated decreased incidence and severity of restenosis with DCB compared with PTA to treat dysfunctional HA.